When the 'solution' is to imprison more people per capita than Communist China, the system is broken. To make matters worse, many (and more all the time) prisons are being privatized, so there is a profit motive for locking people up. And therefore, a profit to making more and more things crimes, and to punish them more harshly.
Face it - prisons just make poor criminals better criminals; it's a job skills seminar, networking event, and social club all at the same time. What disincentive is jail if all your friends and family are or were there too?
Thugs become thugs because they want money, girls, and respect, and they see no legitimate way to do so. The thug-life itself actually tends to pay less than minimum wage, but there's a safety net in, say, belonging to a gang. Read Freakonomics or The Death of Common Sense to see what actual science applied to criminal enterprise looks like (hint: a lot like pro athletics - very few make it to the Big Show).
I'd like to say the problem starts with primary-level educational funding, but I'm not an expert on that end of things. I do know that we don't teach kids that a criminal rap is a bar to success (look at Uncle Y the dealer - he is rolling in money and women!!). We don't teach them that jail is scary (though it is)... we teach them that they have more rights once they are in the criminal justice system than they did before. We'll happily let a poor homeless teen starve, but once he commits a crime it's 3 meals and a cot. Hell, if I were homeless and hopeless I would consider it.
Also, you can become a felon by writing a bad check over $1000. Should that person lose their 2A rights forever? Conversely, assault and battery is a misdemeanor. Beat the hell out of someone and no one will take your guns. Screw up some paperwork with the Feds, lose them forever. How does that make sense?
For imprisonment to work, there has to be a strong disincentive. So strong that folks with limited intelligence, education, and moral compasses can clearly see it. Otherwise, to a certain set of the population, jail is like your or I getting a speeding ticket - annoying and expensive, but otherwise not a huge deal. Without a serious impact, imprisonment doesn't work. So either we significantly up the punishments (that would be sharia law, folks - old testament stuff) or we remove the incentive to become a hoodlum in the first place. I'm not sure how to do that (if I was, I'd be running for office). But you need to supply-side manage the issue.